[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.volhejn.cz\/hrozba-ze-severu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.volhejn.cz\/hrozba-ze-severu\/","headline":"Hrozba ze severu","name":"Hrozba ze severu","description":"Vikingov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovali ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b pro Evropu neskute\u010dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Evropa v t\u00e9to dob\u011b nebyla p\u0159ipravena na takov\u00e9to masivn\u00ed n\u00e1jezdy ze severn\u00edch zem\u00ed, tud\u00ed\u017e nebyla ani schopna t\u011bmto brut\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1jezd\u016fm \u010delit. Tehdy se roku 793 uskute\u010dnil v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed vikingsk\u00fd loupe\u017eiv\u00fd n\u00e1jezd, kter\u00fd byl […]","datePublished":"2023-05-03","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.volhejn.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.volhejn.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/383247cd769f7ac317a5bcda943ec48a3c79d996598ae4564ec21a0e178126d1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/383247cd769f7ac317a5bcda943ec48a3c79d996598ae4564ec21a0e178126d1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"volhejn.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"url":"https:\/\/www.volhejn.cz\/hrozba-ze-severu\/","wordCount":432,"articleBody":" Vikingov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavovali ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b pro Evropu neskute\u010dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Evropa v t\u00e9to dob\u011b nebyla p\u0159ipravena na takov\u00e9to masivn\u00ed n\u00e1jezdy ze severn\u00edch zem\u00ed, tud\u00ed\u017e nebyla ani schopna t\u011bmto brut\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1jezd\u016fm \u010delit. Tehdy se roku 793 uskute\u010dnil v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed vikingsk\u00fd loupe\u017eiv\u00fd n\u00e1jezd, kter\u00fd byl sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Anglie. Zde se c\u00edlem Viking\u016f stal kl\u00e1\u0161ter Lindisfarne na ostrov\u011b Holy Island.
 Byl tot\u00e1ln\u011b vyplen\u011bn, zneuct\u011bn, a v\u0161ichni mni\u0161i v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e byli povra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Tehdy to byl pro Evropu obrovsk\u00fd \u0161ok, ze kter\u00e9ho se velmi dlouho nemohla vzpamatovat. Od tohoto n\u00e1jezdu se pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Anglie za\u010dali stup\u0148ovat.
 Vikingov\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161li na to, jak se snadn\u00e9 a v\u00fdnosn\u00e9 loupit v bohat\u00fdch m\u00edstech z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy, kter\u00e1 jim nedok\u00e1\u017ee ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1jezdech zabr\u00e1nit a \u010delit samotn\u00e9mu plen\u011bn\u00ed. C\u00edlem jejich bleskov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f z mo\u0159e se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku takto st\u00e1vali nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 a bohat\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161tery.
 Viking jako etnikum
 Vikingov\u00e9 se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed jako severn\u00ed v\u011btev Germ\u00e1n\u016f. V Evrop\u011b byli naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni Normany, D\u00e1ny, Ascomany nebo Varjagy. Vikingov\u00e9 pronikali na sv\u00fdch lod\u00edch od severu k Evrop\u011b a d\u00e1le po \u0159ek\u00e1ch p\u0159es Byzantskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a Rusko a\u017e k v\u00fdchodn\u00edm zem\u00edm, kde vydatn\u011b obchodovali s ko\u017ee\u0161inami a jin\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm. Ale tak\u00e9 se usazovali a spl\u00fdvali s m\u00edstn\u00edmi obyvateli. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u00e1 mnoho obyvatel zem\u011b v sob\u011b vikingskou krev.
 Vikingov\u00e9 v Americe
 Okolo roku 980 se poda\u0159ilo Viking\u016fm doplout ke b\u0159eh\u016fm Severn\u00ed Ameriky, v oblasti dne\u0161n\u00ed Virginie a severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Newfoundlandu. Zde potom zalo\u017eili n\u011bkolik osad. Poda\u0159ilo se to tehdy vikingsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edku, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edkalo Erik rud\u00fd, pro jeho rezav\u00fd vous.
 Osady v\u0161ak existovali jenom kr\u00e1tkou dobu. Od\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed od okoln\u00edho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, obklopen\u00ed ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fdmi a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi Indi\u00e1ny, za\u010dali m\u00edt Vikingov\u00e9 v osad\u00e1ch existen\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Nem\u011bli zde dostatek z\u00e1sob, a dal\u0161\u00ed lodi Viking\u016f ji\u017e nep\u0159iplouvali.
 Byli nucen\u00ed obchodovat s Indi\u00e1ny, ale do\u0161lo k n\u011bkolika kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00edm zbran\u00ed a konflikt\u016fm. P\u0159i p\u0159evaze m\u00edstn\u00edch Indi\u00e1n\u016f byli Vikingov\u00e9 nuceni osady v Americe opustit.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Hrozba ze severu","item":"https:\/\/www.volhejn.cz\/hrozba-ze-severu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]